Rheumatoid Lung
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Copyright
William Herring, MD, FACR
Rheumatoid Lung
Extra-articular manifestations more
common in males
Disease more common in females
Clinically
Shortness of breath most common
Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules often
present
PFTs show restrictive disease
Rheumatoid Lung
General
Most patients with pulmonary evidence
of RA have
Clinical evidence of the disease
Severe arthritic disease
Circulating antibody
Largely IgM in patients with RA
Changes in lung probably immune in
origin
Rheumatoid Lung
Cause
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary fibrosis
Necrobiotic nodules
Caplan’s Syndrome
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Obliterative Bronchiolitis
Rheumatoid Lung
Manifestations
Most common manifestation of
RA in chest
Rheumatoid Lung
Pleural Effusion
Pleural Effusion
Characteristics
Exudate
Very low sugar content (< 30 mg/100 ml)
Does not rise with IV administration of
glucose
Low sugar effusion in TB rises with IV
glucose
Pleural fluid in RA
High in LDH
Rich in lymphocytes
Positive for Rheumatoid Factor
Contains low complement levels
Pleural Effusion
Characteristics
Effusion may remain unchanged for
months or years
Most are unilateral
Can occur on either side
Effusion almost never associated with
parenchymal disease
Pleural Effusion
Characteristics
Pleural Effusions in RA
Begins micronodular
coarse reticulation
More prominent at bases
Indistinguishable from scleroderma
Honeycomb appearance
Rheumatoid Lung
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Bibasilar Interstitial Disease in RA
Relatively rare
Usually occur with subcutaneous nodules
Identical pathologically to them
Usually well circumscribed masses
Typically multiple
Subpleural in location with cavitation
Frequently at bases
Rheumatoid Lung
Necrobiotic Nodules
Necrobiotic Nodule in RA
Necrobiotic nodules with silicosis
Pathologically, only difference is ring
of dust in nodule which produces
darkened ring around central core
Roentgenographically identical to
rheumatoid nodules in RA
Rheumatoid Lung
Caplan’s Syndrome
Rheumatoid Disease with Pulmonary
Arterial Hypertension
Due to an arteritis which produces PAH
and eventual cor pulmonale
Rheumatoid Lung
Pulmonary Hypertension
Same as BOOP except patients have RA
Rheumatoid Lung
BOOP
The End